CMU Dictionary Adaptation to Bahasa Indonesia Lexicon Building

While creating lexicon in voice recognition in Bahasa Indonesia, we need to define the phoneme set by ourselves since there are not such a widely used standard in Bahasa Indonesia. Instead of creating new definition, there is an idea to adapt from existing phoneme set. Obtained from Kaldi resources, we can adapt the phoneme set from English issued by Carnegie Mellon University (CMU Dictionary) which contains 134,000 words.

Bahasa Indonesia is quite simple^{look here also} as in major case the pronunciation and written letter are the same compared to English. Thus, it is not a tedious work to start building lexicon based on CMU Dictionary although we need to add new phonemes and leave some phonemes.

Table 1 CMU Dictionary Phoneme Set

Phoneme	IPA Symbol	Indonesian Words Example	English Words Example
AA	ɑ	ternak, gembala	odd, balm
AE	æ	-	at, bat
AH	ʌ	ambil	hut, butt
AO	ɔ	bakpao	cow, story
AW	aʊ	saung	ought, bout
AY	aɪ	kait, senarai	hide, bite
B	b	lebah, beli	bee, buy
CH	tʃ	cuka, ceri	cheese, china
D	d	diam, duduk	dump, did
DH	ð	ridho	the, thy
EH	ɛ	enak, sepak	education, bet
ER	ɝ	bageur*, reueus*	hurt
EY	eɪ	-	ate, bait
F	ɾ	faedah, fana	fee, forest
G	g	gerbang, guna	green, gate
HH	h	hampar, unggah	he, hair
IH	ɪ	singgah, ikatan	it, implication
IY	i	-	eat, sheep
JH	dʒ	adiraja, keganjilan	genuine, jimmy
K	k	kenangan, batuk	key, camp
L	l	lingkaran, betul	luck, love
M	m	minum, temaram	mama, mine
N	n	naik, menikah	knee, nice
NG	ŋ	yang, ngengat	bank, sink
OW	oʊ	bongkar, bogor	oat, boat
OY	ɔɪ	-	toy, boy
P	p	pulsa, peluh	pulp, pen
R	ɹ	ranjau, rintangan	right, row
S	s	sakit, sayang	sea, sun
SH	ʃ	masyarakat, syaikh*	shine, she
T	t	tikung, timpa	tea, tone
TH	θ	rabiul tsani*	thug, theta
UH	ʊ	-	hood, book
UW	u	kuku, suku	two, coup
V	v	viral, vas	vee, vocal
W	w	wejangan, wayang	we, wide
Y	j	yakin, yoga	yam, yield
Z	z	zaman, zamrud	zoo, zee
ZH	ʒ	jangkrik, jerapah	seizure, pleasure

From table above, it’s clear that there are phonemes that are not (commonly) used in Bahasa Indonesia. Yet these phoneme set does not cover all Bahasa Indonesia lemma regarding to the root of Bahasa Indonesia which come from majorly Malay, Dutch, Arabic, Chinese, Javanese, and Sundanese. To create the things short, here is list of phonemes that needs to be added to CMU Dictionary for Bahasa Indonesia

Table 2 Addition Phoneme Set

Phoneme	IPA Symbol	Indonesian Words Example	Notes
NY	ɲ	kenyang, nyamuk	alveolo palatal
KH	x	kholifah	voiceless velar fricative
Q	ʔ	qurban
KX	ʕ	sa’at	voiced pharyngeal fricative
DL	zˁ	dhuhur	voiced alveolar sibilant with pharyngealization
GH	ɣ	ghaib	voiced velar fricative

sources :
[1] http://kaldi-asr.org/doc/examples.html
[2] http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPABET
[4] https://open-dict-data.github.io/ipa-lookup/ma/

Kalender Puasa 2018

Dari Abu Hurairah ra., bahwa Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam bersabda:

Demi Dzat yang jiwa Muhammad berada di tangan-Nya, sesungguhnya bau mulut orang yang berpuasa lebih harum di sisi Allah pada hari kiamat daripada bau misk atau kasturi. Dan bagi orang yang berpuasa ada dua kegembiraan, ketika berbuka mereka bergembira dengan bukanya dan ketika bertemu Allah mereka bergembira karena puasanya.”

(HR. Bukhari dan Muslim)

Maka saya hadiahkan, terutama untuk diri sendiri, saudara dan saudariku sebagai pengingat Kalender Puasa 2018 yang dapat diunduh di

Versi bahasa Indonesia

PNG : https://goo.gl/T7Nw6C

PDF : https://goo.gl/EDbgmk

English Version

PNG : https://goo.gl/UZuKsW

PDF : https://goo.gl/qbtQA6

Semoga Allah memberikan kemudahan dan menerima semua amal ibadah kita. Tiada daya dan upaya melainkan dari Allah. Silakan untuk disebarkan kepada keluarga dan kerabat.

Jazakumullahu khairan katsiran.

NB:

1. Kalender ini hanya sebagai perkiraan. Jika di kemudian hari terdapat selisih tanggal, harap menyesuaikan dengan penanggalan yang sesuai.

2. Korespondensi lebih lanjut, mohon melalui www.github.com/linerocks/FastingCalendar2018 di kolom issues

Muslim Fasting Calendar 2018

The Prophet Muhammad , peace be upon him, said :

By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, the smell coming out from the mouth of fasting person is better in sight of Allah than the smell of musk. (allah says about the fasting person), “He has left his food, drink, and desires for My Sake. The fast is for Me. So I will reward (the fasting person) for it and the reward of good deeds is multiplied ten times.”

^reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 1894^

So , I present to, especially myself, my brother, and sister as a reminder this Muslim Fasting Calendar 2018 which can be obtained in this repository or simply download at :

English Version

PNG : https://goo.gl/UZuKsW

PDF : https://goo.gl/qbtQA6

Bahasa Version

PNG : https://goo.gl/T7Nw6C

PDF : https://goo.gl/EDbgmk

May Allah grant us ease to do good deeds and accept our good deeds. There is no power and no strength except with Allah. Feel free to share to relatives and family.

Jazakumullahu khairan katsiran.

NB:

1. This calendar is only a prediction. If you find any unmatch date, please adjust with the correct one.

2. If you have issues related to this, please kindly contact me via www.github.com/linerocks/FastingCalendar2018 on tab issues

Matrix Construction in C++ using Armadillo

As a follow-through of vector, we go on matrix construction. Starting from the definition, matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns. The individual items in an $m \times n$ matrix $A$ often denoted by $a_{ij}$ or so-called elements, where $i$ is row index and $j$ is column index.

Because of there is no container for matrix in C/C++ standard library, let’s make our way construction matrix. In C we could use pointer of array or pointer of pointer as follows :

int m = 4, n = 3, i;

// Using pointer of array
int *B[m];
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
    A[i] = (int *) calloc(n, sizeof(int));
}

// Using pointer of pointer
int **B = (int **) calloc(m, sizeof(int *));
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
    B[i] = (int *) calloc(n, sizeof(int)); 
}